一、Definition of lead-acid batteries

An electrochemical power source (battery) is a device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy. A battery is a battery designed to be rechargeable, also known as a secondary battery.

二、Common uses of lead-acid batteries

Starter batteries:  mainly used for starting, ignition and lighting of automobiles, ships, motorcycles, tractors, diesel engines, etc..
Fixed storage batteries:  mainly used as backup power for protection and automatic control of communications, power plants and computer systems.
Traction battery:  mainly used for various battery trucks, forklifts, forklifts and other power sources.
Railway storage battery:  mainly used for the starting and lighting power of railway diesel locomotives, electric locomotives and buses.
Energy storage battery:  mainly used for wind power, solar energy and other power generation energy storage.

三、National Battery Standards for Lead Acid Storage

GB/T13337.1-2011 Fixed exhaust gas lead-acid battery technical conditions
MT658-2011 Special lead-acid batteries for coal mines
CB/T728-2000 Lead-acid battery for ship starting
GB/T7404.1-2000 Exhaust gas lead-acid battery for internal combustion engine vehicles
GB/T7404.2-2000 Sealed lead-acid batteries for internal combustion vehicles
GB/T19638.2-2005 Fixed-valve-controlled sealed lead-acid battery
GB/T19639.1-2005 Technical conditions for small valve-controlled sealed lead-acid batteries
GB/T5008.1-2005 Technical conditions for starter lead-acid batteries
YD/T1360-2005 VRLC gelatinized battery for general use
QC/T742-2006 Lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles
GB/T22473-2008 Lead-acid batteries for energy storage
QB/T2947.1-2008 Batteries and chargers for electric bicycles Part I: Sealed lead-acid batteries and chargers
GB/T13281-2008 Lead-acid batteries for railway passenger cars
GB/7403.1-2008 – Lead-acid batteries for traction, Part I: Technical conditions
GB/T18332.1-2009 Lead-acid batteries for electric road vehicles
GB/T23638-2009 Lead-acid batteries for motorcycles
GB/T22199-2008 Sealed lead-acid battery for electric power-assisted vehicles

四、international standard

IEC60896-11:2002 Fixed exhaust gas-vented lead-acid batteries Technical conditions
IEC60896-2:1995 Fixed valve-actuated sealed lead-acid batteries
IEC661056-1:2002 Small valve-operated, sealed lead-acid batteries Technical conditions
IEC60095-1:2000 Technical conditions for lead-acid batteries for starters
IEC661427:2005 Lead-acid batteries for energy storage
IEC60254-1:2005 Lead-acid batteries for traction applications Part I: Technical conditions
IEC61982-1:2006 Lead-acid batteries for electric road vehicles

五、Lead acid battery testing program
1. Appearance
2. External dimensions
3. Polarity
4. Sealing
5. Gas precipitation
6. High-current withstand test
7. Short-circuit current and internal resistance level test
8. Blast resistance test
9. Acid mist immunity test
10. Exhaust valve operation
11. Grounding short-circuit resistance
12. Flame retardancy of materials
13. Resistance to mechanical breakage
14. Terminal voltage equalization performance test
15. Capacity performance test
16. Battery connection voltage drop test
17. Ability to withstand overcharging
18. Charge retention properties
19. Recharging performance test
20. Floating charge cycle durability
21. Overcharge cycle durability
22. Accelerated float-charge cycle durability
23. Sensitivity to thermal runaway24. Low temperature sensitivity
25. Presence of information and warning signs and durability tests